Archives
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What FLuc mRNA Revealed About pLNP Delivery
2026-10-09
This study used firefly luciferase mRNA as a functional delivery reporter, not as the therapeutic payload. In MC38 cells, G0-SS-AA-C12 pLNP produced 1.5-fold greater reporter transfection than the non-cleavable G0-6C-AA-C12 analogue. In intratumourally treated MC38 tumours, it generated stronger luminescence than other tested pLNPs and MC3 LNP, with lower liver transfection than MC3 LNP. Intravenous screening was liver-dominant. The findings support a model- and route-specific delivery comparison, not validation of Cap 1, ARCA, Cy5-labelled, sequence-optimized, circRNA or saRNA reporters.
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MARF Folding in Firefly Luciferase mRNA Delivery
2026-10-07
Compared with control LNPs, Mg-MARF and Zn-MARF LNPs carrying linear, 5moU-modified firefly luciferase mRNA produced approximately three- to sevenfold higher whole-body bioluminescence after intravenous administration. In cell models, Mn-, Mg- and Zn-MARF LNPs produced approximately fourfold higher luciferase expression than control LNPs, while Mn-MARF LNPs reached a 7.3-fold signal advantage at 4 hours after intravenous dosing that declined to 1.1-fold at 24 hours. Polysome loading and lysate stability results indicate that the reported benefit was more consistent with altered intracellular processing than with increased ribosome recruitment or reporter-RNA stability.
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Linear Firefly mRNA Versus saRNA in Retina
2026-10-05
In the study’s reporter assay, LNP-delivered self-amplifying firefly luciferase RNA produced higher bioluminescent expression and a signal lasting up to 7 days than LNP-delivered linear firefly luciferase mRNA. A separate CNTF-protein comparison likewise found longer persistence for saCNTF than for linear CNTF mRNA, but this was not a firefly reporter result. Because the study compared different RNA classes, reported different cap specifications, and contains a route discrepancy, it does not validate Cap 1, ARCA, Cy5-labelled, 5-moUTP, m1Ψ, or sequence-optimized linear firefly luciferase mRNA products.
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KANPEI Delivery of Firefly Luciferase mRNA
2026-10-02
This in-vitro application study compared kanamycin–low-molecular-weight PEI conjugates (KANPEI 1.2 kDa and 2 kDa) with 25-kDa PEI for delivering firefly luciferase mRNA. Compared with naked reporter mRNA, both KANPEI carriers produced greater functional luciferase expression in HepG2, HeLa, and NIH3T3 cells; compared with 25-kDa PEI, their reporter expression was similar. Compared with 25-kDa PEI, KANPEI showed lower 24-hour cytotoxicity, while KANPEI 1.2 kDa was identified as the best-performing variant in the tested cell panel. The study does not establish the cap, nucleoside modification, sequence optimization, or linearity of the reporter transcript.
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Polymer Tuning of Firefly Luc mRNA Readouts
2026-09-30
In mice, Cap 1- and m1Ψ-containing linear firefly luciferase mRNA delivered by PE4K-0.67C8-P1 polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticles produced 13- to 26-fold higher lung luciferase expression than 50% DOTAP Lung-SORT lipid nanoparticles at the same dose, with more than 95% of the signal assigned to the lungs. PE4K-0.8C8-4L hybrids improved liver luciferase delivery over lipid-only 4A3-SC8 nanoparticles at 1–5% polymer incorporation, while PE4K-0.8C8-N1 hybrids at 1–2.5% gave spleen signals comparable to or higher than a 10% 18PA Spleen-SORT lipid benchmark. The study does not compare Cap 1 with ARCA, Cy5 labeling, 5-moUTP, or sequence-optimized reporter variants, and its longer-lasting bioluminescence result belongs to a separate circLuc experiment rather than the linear mRNA arm.
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Luciferase mRNA in Lung Delivery: Review Context
2026-09-28
This influenza-vaccine review provides a limited methods comparison relevant to reporter mRNA delivery: it reports a cited nebulization study in which LNP candidates carrying luciferase and Cre mRNA showed more efficient lung RNA trafficking than hPBAE carriers. It does not identify the luciferase type or report a firefly-specific bioluminescence assay, so the result is background—not direct validation of a firefly luciferase mRNA product or readout.
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Firefly Luciferase mRNA in HPAE Delivery Research
2026-09-25
A study used firefly luciferase reporter mRNA to compare hyperbranched polymer carriers, reporting stronger expression with one HPAE formulation. The reporter screen supported carrier selection for separate Klotho mRNA experiments; it was not itself a test of Klotho activity or a detailed comparison of luciferase mRNA designs.
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Firefly Luciferase mRNA in Malic-Acid LNP Screening
2026-09-23
This study used linear firefly luciferase reporter mRNA and bioluminescence imaging to screen malic-acid-derived lipid nanoparticles, identify formulation features associated with hepatic expression, and optimize LMA2-C10 LNPs. Its therapeutic experiments primarily compared circRNA with linear m1Ψ-modified uricase mRNA, so the durable disease effects should not be interpreted as evidence from firefly luciferase mRNA or as a direct comparison of Cap 1 and ARCA chemistry.
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Fluc mRNA Capture in Oligo-dT Membranes
2026-09-22
A 2026 membrane-purification study used a 1,921-nt firefly luciferase mRNA to examine how oligo-dT ligand length, density, clustering, pore size, and flow affect polyadenylated mRNA capture. The work informs upstream mRNA purification and fluorescent visualization of physical binding, but it does not measure cellular delivery, translation, luciferase bioluminescence, or the performance of Cap 1, ARCA, m1Ψ, 5-moUTP, or sequence-optimized reporter mRNAs.
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Firefly Luciferase mRNA Reporter Evidence
2026-09-21
Hu et al. compared linear and circular Gaussia luciferase mRNAs in HEK-293T cells and evaluated firefly luciferase expression from lipid-nanoparticle-delivered circular mRNA in mice. The results support prolonged functional translation from circular RNA, but the supplied text does not report a direct linear firefly luciferase comparison or experiments with Cap 1, ARCA, Cy5, or 5-moUTP variants.
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PEG-Lipid Pairing for Hepatic Firefly mRNA Readouts
2026-09-18
Abbasi et al. examined how PEG-lipid structure and TriGalNAc functionalization alter hepatic delivery of firefly luciferase reporter mRNA in lipid nanoparticles. The strongest bioluminescent readout occurred when DSPE-PEG350 was paired with DSPE-PEG2000-TriGalNAc, although fluorescent biodistribution, cellular uptake, and reporter expression were not interchangeable measurements.
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Firefly RNA Reporter Quality and ddPCR
2026-09-16
Casmil, Huang, and Blakney evaluated duplex RT-ddPCR for measuring integrity and replication of a firefly luciferase self-amplifying RNA construct. The study also characterized a shorter conventional mRNA-fLuc transcript, but its cellular translation and bioluminescence experiments used saRNA rather than conventional mRNA. Cap 1, ARCA, Cy5, 5-moUTP, m1Ψ, and sequence-optimized variants were not evaluated.
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Firefly Luciferase mRNA in LNP Structural Analysis
2026-09-14
This 2025 study examined lipid nanoparticle structure using a mixed RNA cargo containing CleanCap firefly luciferase mRNA with 5-methoxyuridine. It mapped RNA and lipid depth distributions by cryogenic OrbiSIMS, but did not measure luciferase translation, cellular delivery, or bioluminescence.
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Lipid Ratio Effects on Firefly mRNA LNPs
2026-09-11
This study examines how lipid molar ratio and microfluidic manufacturing affect delivery and functional expression of firefly luciferase mRNA in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Using one-factor-at-a-time and design-of-experiments strategies, it connects particle attributes, mRNA encapsulation, cell-based luciferase activity, cell-free translation, and mouse bioluminescence while showing that formulation–expression relationships depend on both composition and process.
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Firefly Luciferase mRNA Fidelity Study
2026-09-09
A 2026 Nature study used linear in vitro-transcribed firefly luciferase mRNAs to examine how ac4C, m1Ψ, m5C and unmodified nucleotides affect +1 ribosomal frameshifting. In engineered U-rich firefly luciferase reporters, m1Ψ produced substantially more frameshift-derived full-length luciferase than ac4C, m5C or unmodified mRNA. The study also used NanoLuc as its principal bulk translation reporter, where ac4C supported higher protein output than m1Ψ. These findings concern delivered reporter mRNA and translation products, not plasmid DNA, purified luciferase enzyme or substrate alone.